Modern Chromatographic Methods for Determination Flavonoids
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22401/hg8g6b53Keywords:
Biological samples , Flavonoids , Fruits and Herbs , HPLC-UV , LC-MS/MSAbstract
Flavonoids are a prominent group of plant phenolics (polyphenol group) extensively present in the human diet and associated with health promotion. Flavonoids are essential in various pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic applications. To collect and categorize these compounds, we comprehensively assessed High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques published to analyze flavonoids in various matrices. Most documented methods employed liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Among chromatographic techniques, reversed-phase liquid chromatography remains the predominant and efficient method for separating various analytes. This review explores the primary chromatographic methods used to separate and quantify flavonoids in herbs, fruits, and biological samples. This article examines recent literature on applying liquid chromatography with different detection methods for analyzing flavonoids. To examine recent literature on applying liquid chromatography with different detection methods for analyzing flavonoids. It offers valuable insights to researchers as they prepare to develop quantification methods.
References
Newman, D.; Cragg, G.; "Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010". J. Nat. Prod., 75 (3): 311-335, 2012.
Bérdy, J.; "Thoughts and facts about antibiotics: where we are now and where we are heading". J. Antibiot., 65 (8): 385-395, 2012.
Ji, H.; Li, X.; Zhang, H.; "Natural products and drug discovery". EMBO reports, 10 (3): 194-200, 2009.
Kingston, D.; "Modern natural products drug discovery and its relevance to biodiversity conservation". J. Nat. Prod., 74 (3): 496-511, 2011.
Actis-goretta, L.; "Elucidation of epicatechin metabolites after ingestion of chocolate by healthy humans". free Radic. Biol. Med., 53 (4): 787-795, 2012.
Adams, M.; Schneider, S.; Kluge, M.; Kessler, M.; Hamburger, M.; "Epilepsy in the Renaissance: a survey of remedies from 16th and 17th century German herbals". J. Ethnopharmacol., 143 (1): 1-13, 2012.
Stevenson, P.; "Distinct chemotypes of Tephrosia vogelii and implications for their use in pest control and soil enrichment". Phytochemistry, 78 (12): 135-146, 2012.
Hegazy, M.; Mohamed, A.; El-halawany, A.; Djemgou, P.; Shahat, A.; Paré, P.; "Estrogenic activity of chemical constituents from Tephrosia candida". J. Nat. Prod, 74 (5): 937-942, 2011.
Maldini, M.; Montoro, P.; Macchia, M.; Pizza, C.; Piacente, S.; "Profiling of phenolics from Tephrosia cinerea". Planta medica, 77 (16): 1861-1864, 2011.
Juma, W.; "Terpurinflavone: An antiplasmodial flavone from the stem of Tephrosia Purpurea". Phytochem. Lett., 4 (2): 176-178, 2011.
Arranz, S.; Saura-Calixto, F.; Shaha, S.; Kroon, P.; "High contents of nonextractable polyphenols in fruits suggest that polyphenol contents of plant foods have been underestimated". J. Agric. Food Chem., 57 (16): 7298-7303, 2009.
Koleckar, V.; "Condensed and hydrolysable tannins as antioxidants influencing the health". Mini Rev. Med. Chem., 8 (5): 436-447, 2008.
Nabavi, S.; "Flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in plants: Versatile targets for metabolic engineering". Biotechnol. Adv., 38 (4); 107316.2018.
Scarano, A.; Chieppa, M.; Santino, A.; "Looking at flavonoid biodiversity in horticultural crops: A colored mine with nutritional benefits". Plants, 7 (4): 98, 2018.
Liu, J.; Wang, X.; Yong, H.; Kan, J.; Jin, C.; "Recent advances in flavonoid-grafted polysaccharides: Synthesis, structural characterization, bioactivities and potential applications". Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 116 (4): 1011-1025, 2018.
Bowman, J.;. "Insights into land plant evolution garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha genome". Cell, 171 (2): 287-304. e15, 2017.
Jiang, N.; Doseff, A.; Grotewold, E.; "Flavones: from biosynthesis to health benefits". Plants, 5 (2): 27, 2016.
Pounis, G.; "Flavonoid and lignan intake in a Mediterranean population: proposal for a holistic approach in polyphenol dietary analysis, the Moli-sani Study". Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 70 (3): 338-345, 2016.
Jennings, A.; Welch, A.; Spector, T.; Macgregor, A.; Cassidy, A.; "Intakes of anthocyanins and flavones are associated with biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation in women". J. Nutr., 144 (2): 202-208, 2014.
Yap, S.; Qin, C.; Woodman, O.; "Effects of resveratrol and flavonols on cardiovascular function: Physiological mechanisms". Biofactors, 36 (5) : 350-359, 2010.
Galindo, P.; "Glucuronidated quercetin lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats via deconjugation". PloS one, 7 (3), e32673. 2012.
Latti, A.; Jaakola, L.; Riihinen, K.; Kainulainen, P.; "Anthocyanin and flavonol variation in bog bilberries (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) in Finland". J. Agric. Food Chem., 58 (1): 427-433, 2010.
Constantin, R.; "Prooxidant activity of fisetin: effects on energy metabolism in the rat liver". J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 25 (2): 117-126, 2011.
Constantin, J.; Bracht, A.; "Quercetin, mechanisms of anti and prooxidant activities". Recent Prog. Med. Plants, 21 (3): 39-61, 2008.
Yang, J.; Liu, B.; Liang, G.; Ning, Z.; "Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids active against lard oil oxidation based on quantum chemical analysis". Molecules, 14 (1): 46-52, 2009.
Henderson, V.; "Long-term soy isoflavone supplementation and cognition in women: a randomized, controlled trial". Neurology, 78 (23): 1841-1848, 2012.
Rodriguez-Mateos, A.; "Bioavailability, bioactivity and impact on health of dietary flavonoids and related compounds: an update". Arch. Toxicol, 88 (2): 1803-1853, 2014.
Neveu, V.; "Phenol-Explorer: an online comprehensive database on polyphenol contents in foods". Database, 11 (3): 46-52, 2010.
Fredericks, C.; "High‐anthocyanin strawberries through cultivar selection". J. Sci. Food Agric., 93 (4): 846-852, 2013.
Howard, L.; Brownmiller, C.; Prior, R.; "Improved color and anthocyanin retention in strawberry puree by oxygen exclusion". J. Berry Res, 4 (2): 107-116, 2014.
Fredes, M.G.; Zoffoli, J.; Santander, F.; Robert, P; "Comparación de los contenidos de fenoles totales, antocianos totales y la actividad antioxidante de frutos ricos en polifenoles que crecen en Chile". Cienc. Investig. Agrar., 41 (1): 49-60, 2014.
Ibrahim, D.; Abd el‐Maksoud, M.; "Effect of strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa) leaf extract on diabetic nephropathy in rats". Int. J. Exp. Patholy, 96 (2): 87-93, 2015.
Gontijo, V.; Dos Santos, M.; Viegas, J.; "Biological and chemical aspects of natural biflavonoids from plants: a brief review". Mini Rev. Med. Chem, 17 (10): 834-862, 2017.
Ohga, N.; "Inhibitory effects of epigallocatechin‐3 gallate, a polyphenol in green tea, on tumor‐associated endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells". Cancer Sci., 100 (10): 1963-1970, 2009.
Bermúdez-soto, M.; Larrosa, M.; García-Cantalejo, J.; Espín, J.; Tomás-barberan, F.; García-conesa, M.; "Transcriptional changes in human Caco-2 colon cancer cells following exposure to a recurrent non-toxic dose of polyphenol-rich chokeberry juice," Genes Nutr., 2007, vol. 2, no. 1 (3) :. 111-113, 2007.
Vue, B., Zhang, S.; Chen, Q-H. "Flavonoids with therapeutic potential in prostate cancer". Anti-Cancer Agents Med. Chem., 16 (10): 1205-1229, 2016.
Han, D-H.; Tachibana, H.; Yamada, K.; "Inhibition of environmental estrogen-induced proliferation of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells by flavonoids". 37 (1): 275, 2001.
Yin, F.; Giuliano, A.; Van, A.; "Signal pathways involved in apigenin inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells (ARO)". Anticancer Res., 19 (5B) : 4297-4303, 1999.
Chahar, M.; Sharma, N.; Dobhal, M.; Joshi, Y.; "Flavonoids: A versatile source of anticancer drugs". Pharmacogn. Rev., 5 (9): 1, 2011.
Cho, H.; "Silibinin inhibits tumor growth through downregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt in vitro and in vivo in human ovarian cancer cells". J. Agric. Food Chem., 61(17) : 4089-4096, 2013.
Mozaffarian, D.; "Dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity: a comprehensive review". Circulation, 133 (2) : 187-225, 2016.
Clark, J.; Zahradka, P.; Taylor, C.; "Efficacy of flavonoids in the management of high blood pressure". Nutr. Rev., 73 (12): 799-822, 2015.
Kumar, S.; Pandey, A.; "Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview". Sci. World J., 2 (1): 79-82, 2013.
Zahedi, M.; Ghiasvand, R.; Feizi, A.; Asgari, G.; Darvish, L.; "Does quercetin improve cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers in women with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial". Int. J. Prev. Med., 4 (7): 777, 2013.
Olaleye, M.; Crown, O.; Akinmoladun, A.; Akindahunsi, A.; "Rutin and quercetin show greater efficacy than nifedipin in ameliorating hemodynamic, redox, and metabolite imbalances in sodium chloride-induced hypertensive rats". Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 33 (6): 602-608, 2014.
Pérez-Hernández, J.; Zaldívar-Machorro, V.; Villanueva-Porras, D.; Vega-Ávila, E.; Chavarría, A.; "A potential alternative against neurodegenerative diseases: Phytodrugs". Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 41 (2): 49-60,2016.
Hwang, S.; Shih, P.; Yen, G.; "Neuroprotective effects of citrus flavonoids". J. Agric. Food Chem., 60 (4): 877-885, 2012.
Rong, W.; "Naringin treatment improves functional recovery by increasing BDNF and VEGF expression, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury". Neurochem. Res., 37 (4) : 1615-1623, 2012.
Ravishankar, D.; Rajora, A.; Greco, F.; Osborn, H.; "Flavonoids as prospective compounds for anti-cancer therapy". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 45 (12): 2821-2831, 2013.
Kim, M.; "The relationship of dietary sodium, potassium, fruits, and vegetables intake with blood pressure among Korean adults aged 40 and older". Nutr. Res. Pract., 8 (2): 453-462, 2014.
Sun, Q.; Zhang, W.; Zhong, W.; Sun, X.; Zhou, Z.; "Dietary Fisetin Supplementation Protects Against Alcohol‐Induced Liver Injury in Mice". Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res., 40 (10) : 2076-2084, 2016.
Federation, I.; "IDF Diabetes Atlas 6th," ed, 109(3), 461-465.2015.
Schwingshackl, L.; "Food groups and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies," ed: Springer, 32 (10) : 363-375, 2017.
Panche, A.; Diwan, A.; Chandra, S.; "Flavonoids: an overview". "J. Nutr. Sci., 2 (3): 1-9, 2016.
Vinayagam, R.; Xu, B.; "Antidiabetic properties of dietary flavonoids: a cellular mechanism review". Nutr. Metab., 12 (3) : 60, 2015.
Li, T.; Ren, L.; Wang, D.; Song, M.; Li, Q.; Li, J.; "Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of purine content in marine fish during boiling". PeerJ, 7 (4): e6690, 2019.
Liu, T.; Zhang, L.; Joo, D.; Sun, S.; "NF-κB signaling in inflammation". Signal Transduct. Target. Ther., 2 (1): 1-9, 2017.
Souza, G.; "Involvement of nuclear factor kappa B in the maintenance of persistent inflammatory hypernociception". pharmacol. biochem. behav, 134 (2): 49-56, 2015.
Ferraz, C.; "Jararhagin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia depends on TNF-α, IL-1β and NFκB in mice". Toxicon, 103 (1): 119-128, 2015.
Dangles, O.; "Antioxidant activity of plant phenols: chemical mechanisms and biological significance". Curr. Org. Chem., 16 (6): 692-714, 2012.
Mikulic‐Petkovsek, M.; Schmitzer, V.; Slatnar, A.; Stampar, F.; Veberic, R.; "A comparison of fruit quality parameters of wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) growing at different locations". J. Sci. Food Agric., 95 (4): 776-785, 2015.
Alam, F.; Islam, M.; Kamal, M.; Gan, S.; "Updates on managing type 2 diabetes mellitus with natural products: towards antidiabetic drug development". Curr. Med. Chem., 25 (39): 5395-5431, 2018.
Zhao, T.; "Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.(Lamiaceae): a review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology". J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 71 (9): 1353-1369, 2019.
Liu, S.; Deng, Y.;, Chen, B.; Zhang, X.; Shi, Q.; Qiu, X.; "Antihyperglycemic effect of the traditional Chinese scutellaria–coptis herb couple and its main components in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats".J. Ethnopharmacol., 145 (2): 490-498, 2013.
Xu, L.; Li, Y.; Dai, Y.; Peng, J.; "Natural products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pharmacology and mechanisms". Pharmacol. Res., 130 (5): 451-465, 2018.
Proença, C.; "Evaluation of a flavonoids library for inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase towards a structure–activity relationship". J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., 34 (1): 577-588, 2019.
Khan, J.; Deb, P.K.; Priya, S.; Medina, K.D.; Devi, R.; Walode, S.G.; “Dietary flavonoids: Cardioprotective potential with antioxidant effects and their pharmacokinetic, toxicological and therapeutic concerns”. Molecules, 26(13): 4021-4044, 2021.
Shen, D.; Wu, Q.; Wang, M.; Yang, Y.; Lavoie, E.; Simon, Je.; "Determination of the predominant catechins in Acacia catechu by liquid chromatography / electrospray ionization− mass spectrometry". J. Agric. Food Chem., 54 (9): 3219-3224, 2006.
Yang, L.; Yan, Q.; Ma, J.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, J.; Xi, G.; "High performance liquid chromatographic determination of phenolic compounds in propolis". Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 12 (5): 771-776, 2013.
Qiao, L.; "Sonochemical effects on 14 flavonoids common in citrus: relation to stability". PloS one, 12 (2): e0170904, 2017.
Pereira-Caro, G.; "Orange juice (poly) phenols are highly bioavailable in humans". Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 100 (5): 1378-1384, 2014.
Bansal, V.; Sharma, A.; Ghanshyam, C.; Singla, M.; "Coupling of chromatographic analyses with pretreatment for the determination of bioactive compounds in Emblica officinalis juice". Anal. Methods., 6 (2): 410-418, 2014.
Li, Y.; Chen, X.; Liu, H.-L., Yuan, K.; "Analysis and Structural Identification of the Flavonoid Compounds in Fruit of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ougan from China". Asian J. Chem., 24 (3): 53, 2012.
Ni, H.; Zhang, S.; Gao, Q.; Hu, Y.; Jiang, Zd.; Chen, F.; "Development and evaluation of simultaneous quantification of naringin, prunin, naringenin, and limonin in citrus juice". Food Sci. Biotechnol., 24 (1): 1239-1247, 2015.
Ribeiro, I.; Ribeiro, Mh.; "Naringin and naringenin determination and control in grapefruit juice by a validated HPLC method". Food Control, 19 (4): 432-438, 2008.
Vachirapatama, N.; Chamna, B.; "Separation and determination of rutin in apples by high performance liquid chromatography". Sci. Technol. Asia, 6(2): 27-33, 2012.
Huang, W.-Y.; Zhang, H.-C.; Liu, W.; Li, C.; "Survey of antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry in Nanjing". J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B., 13 (4): 94-102, 2012.
Castro-Vazquez, L.; "Bioactive flavonoids, antioxidant behaviour, and cytoprotective effects of dried grapefruit peels (Citrus paradisi Macf.)". Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2(7): 24-34, 2016.
Chuanphongpanich, S.; Phanichphant, S.; "Method development and determination of phenolic compounds in broccoli seeds samples". Chiang Mai J Sci, 33 (1): 103-7, 2006.
Wang, H.; Nair, M.; Strasburg, G.M.; Booren, A.M.; Gray, J.; "Antioxidant polyphenols from tart cherries (Prunus cerasus)". J. Agric. Food Chem., 47 (3): 840-844, 1999.
Lutz, M.; Martínez, A.; Martínez, E.; "Daidzein and Genistein contents in seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from local ecotypes grown in arid Chile". ICP., 49 (5): 117-121, 2013.
Saleh, F; Nahar, N; Shoeb, M;Sultana, Z.; Mosihuzzaman, M.; Rashid, M.; "Identification and quantification of isoflavones in Bangladeshi soy-milk, masoor and mung dals". IJBFST., 5 (3): 32-41, 2017.
Golkhoo, S.; Ahmadi, A.; Hanachi, P.; Barantalab, F.; Vaziri, M.; "Determination of daidzein and genistein in soy milk in Iran by using HPLC analysis method". Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 11 (18): 2254-58, 2008.
Zhou, Y.; Liu, X.; Zheng, X.; Zheng, J.; "Simultaneous determination of quercetin and luteolin in dried flowers by multivariate HPLC-ECD calibration". Chromatographia, 66 (4) : 635-637, 2007.
Zahoor, M.; Shafiq, S.; Ullah, H.; Sadiq, A.; Ullah, F.; "Isolation of quercetin and mandelic acid from Aesculus indica fruit and their biological activities". BMC biochemistry, 19 (5) : 5, 2018.
Shervington, L.; "A Comparative HPLC Analysis of Myricetin, Quercetin and Kaempferol Flavonoids Isolated From Gambian and Indian Moringa oleifera Leaves". Int. J. Chem., 10 (4): 28-37, 2018.
Gamache, P.; Acworth, I.; "Measurement of Resveratrol, Kaempferol, Quercetin and Isorhamnetin in Human Plasma". 6 (2): 24-36, 2017.
Roy, S.; Bairwa, K.; Grover, J.; Srivastava, A.; Jachak, S.; "Analysis of flavonoids and Iridoids in Vitex negundo by HPLC-PDA and method validation". Nat. Prod. Commun., 8 (9): 1934578X1300800914, 2013.
Nielsen, S.; Dragsted, L.; "Column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of quercetin in human urine with ultraviolet absorbance detection". J. Chromatogr. B., 707 (1-2): 81-89, 1998.
Gonçalves, A.; Friedrich, R.; Boligon, A.; Piana, M.; Beck, R.; Athayde, M.; "Anti-oxidant capacity, total phenolic contents and HPLC determination of rutin in Viola tricolor (L) flowers". Free Radic. Antioxid., 2 (4): 32-37, 2012.
Pilařová, V.; "Simultaneous determination of quercetin and its metabolites in rat plasma by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry". Talanta, 185 (4): 71-79, 2018.
Hsiu, S.; Tsao, C.; Tsai, Y.; Ho, H.; Chao, P.; "Determinations of morin, quercetin and their conjugate metabolites in serum". Biol. Pharm. Bull., 24 (8): 967-969, 2001.
Al-Rifai, A.; Aqel, A.; Awaad, A.; Alothman, Z.; "Analysis of Quercetin and Kaempferol in an Alcoholic Extract of Convolvulus pilosellifolius using HPLC". Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 46 (11): 1411-1418, 2015.
Willy, S.; Nilan, R.; Kekare, M.; Vikas, V.; "Estimation of two bioactive compounds from Azadiracta indica A. Juss. leaves using HPLC". Int. J. Pharm. Bio Sci.,1(2): 967-969, 2010.
Phansawan, B.; Pongsabangpho, S.; "Determination of gallic acid and rutin in extracts Cassia alata and Andrographis paniculata". Sci. Asia, 40 (1): 414-419, 2014.
Lekar, A.; Borisenko, S.; Vetrova, E.; Sushkova, S.; Borisenko, N.; "Extraction of quercetin from Polygonum hydropiper L. by subcritical water". Am. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 9 (1): 1, 2014.
Liu, D.; Mei, Q.; Wan, X.; Que, H.; Li, L., Wan, D.; "Determination of rutin and isoquercetin contents in Hibisci mutabilis folium in different collection periods by HPLC". J. Chromatogr. Sci., 53 (10): 1680-1684, 2015.
Ishii, K.; Furuta, T.; Kasuya, Y.; "Determination of rutin in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography utilizing solid-phase extraction and ultraviolet detection". J. Chromatogr. B.759 (1): 161-168, 2001.
Bojarowicz, H.; Marszałł, M.; Wnuk, M.; Goryński, K.; Buciński, A.; "Determination of rutin in plant extracts and emulsions by HPLC-MS". Anal. Lett., 44 (9): 1728-1737, 2011.
Chen, M.; Zhang, X.; Wang, H.; Lin, B.; Wang, S.; Hu, G.; "Determination of rutin in rat plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and application to pharmacokinetic study". J. Chromatogr. Sci., 53 (4): 519-525, 2015.
Danila, A.; Kotani, A.; Hakamata, H.; Kusu, F.; "Determination of rutin, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate in buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench by micro-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection". J. Agric. Food Chem. 55 (4): 1139-1143, 2007.
Hajimehdipoor, H.; Amin, G.; Adib, N.; Rastegar, H.; Shekarchi, M.; "Development of a validated HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of flavonoids in Cuscuta chinensis Lam. by ultra-violet detection". Daru J. Pharm. Sci.20 (2): 57, 2012.
Huang, H.; Yu, H.; Yen, C.; Liaw, E.; "HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS Analysis for Simultaneous Quantitation of Phenolics in Taiwan Elderberry and Its Anti-Glycation Activity". Molecules, 24 (21): 3861, 2019.
Zou, B.; Xu, Y.; Wu, J.; Yu, Y.; Xiao, G.; "Phenolic compounds participating in mulberry juice sediment formation during storage". J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B. 18 (10): 854-866, 2017.
Jakovljević, M.; "Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Rutin and Rosmarinic Acid from Satureja montana L. and Evaluation of the Extracts Antiradical Activity". Plants, 9 (2): 153, 2020.
Olszewska, M.; "Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in the leaves and inflorescences of Prunus serotina Ehrh". Acta Chromatogr., 19 (3): 253, 2007.
Seal, T.; "Quantitative HPLC analysis of phenolic acids, flavonoids and ascorbic acid in four different solvent extracts of two wild edible leaves, Sonchus arvensis and Oenanthe linearis of North-Eastern region in India". J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 6 (2): 157-166, 2016.
Han, N.; Yu, L.; Zhu, D.; Wu, Y.; "Rapid Determination of Rutin Content in Chinese Patent Medicine Qi Ming Granules by RP-HPLC". Biomed. Res., 26 (4): 157-60, 2015.
Ouyang, E.; Zhang, C.; Li, X.; "Simultaneous determination of geniposide, chlorogenic acid, crocin1, and rutin in crude and processed fructus gardeniae extracts by high performance liquid chromatography". Pharmacogn. Mag. 7 (28): 267, 2011.
Saraf, A.; Sankhala, S.; "Simultaneous determination of rutin and quercetin in different parts of Tecomella undulata (seem): an endangered medicinal plant". IJPR, 6 (2): 434-439, 2014.
Wang, Y.; Li, S.; Han, D.; Meng, K.; Wang, M.; Zhao, C.; "Simultaneous determination of rutin, luteolin, quercetin, and betulinic acid in the extract of Disporopsis pernyi (Hua) Diels by UPLC". J. Anal. Methods Chem. 3 (1): 44-49,2015.
Wang, C.; Wang, Y.; Liu, H.; "Validation and application by HPLC for simultaneous determination of vitexin-2 ″-O-glucoside, vitexin-2 ″-O-rhamnoside, rutin, vitexin, and hyperoside". J. Pharm. Anal.1 (4): 291-296, 2011.
Bajkacz, S.; Baranowska, I.; Buszewski, B.; Kowalski, B.; Ligor, M.; "Determination of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in Plant Materials Using SLE-SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS Method". Food Anal. Methods. 11 (3): 3563-3575, 2018.
Antal, D.; Schwaiger, S.; Ellmerer-Müller, E.; Stuppner, H.; "Cotinus coggygria wood: Novel flavanone dimer and development of an HPLC/UV/MS method for the simultaneous determination of fourteen phenolic constituents". Planta medica, 76 (15): 1765-1772, 2010.
Tero-Vescan, A.; Vari, C.; Muntean, D.; Dogaru, M.; Filip, C.; Imre, S.; "Determination of genistein in rat liver and kidney by a HPLC/UV method. Possible extrapolation from animals to humans". Rom. Rev. Lab. Med.22 (1): 119-127, 2014.
Hu, M.; "Identification of CYP1A2 as the main isoform for the phase I hydroxylated metabolism of genistein and a prodrug converting enzyme of methylated isoflavones". Drug Metab. Dispos., 31 (7): 924-931, 2003.
Muñoz, A.; Álvarez, M.; Oliveras-López, M.; Martínez, R.; Henares, J.; Herrera, M.; "Determination of polyphenolic compounds by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and antioxidant capacity of Spanish subtropical fruits". Agric. Sci. 9 (2): 180-199, 2018.
Xiong, X.; Jiang, J.; Duan, J.; Xie, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhai, S.; "Development and Validation of a Sensitive Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Naringin and Its Metabolite, Naringenin, in Human Plasma". J. Chromatogr. Sci.52 (7): 654-660, 2014.
Kurtagić, H.; Redžić, S.; Memić, M.; Sulejmanović, J.; "Identification and quantificati on of Quercetin, Naringenin and Hesperetin by RP LC–DAD in honey samples from B&H". Bull. Chem. Technol. Bosnia Herzegovina., 40 (13): 25-30, 2013.
Andreu‐Navarro, A.; Fernández‐Romero, J.; Gómez‐Hens, A.; "Luminescent determination of flavonoids in orange juices by LC with post‐column derivatization with aluminum and terbium". J. Sep. Sci. 33 (4-5): 509-515, 2010.
Shi, R.; "Simultaneous determination of five flavonoids from Scutellaria Barbata extract in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study". J. Chromatogr. B., 879 (19): 1625-1632, 2011.
Guo, P.; Dong, L.; Yan, W.; Wei, J.; Wang, C.; Zhang, Z.; "Simultaneous determination of linarin, naringenin and formononetin in rat plasma by LC‐MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Bushen Guchi Pill". Biomed. Chromatogr. 29 (2): 246-253, 2015.
Tong, L.; Zhou, D.; Gao, J.; Zhu, Y.; Sun, H.; Bi, K.; "Simultaneous determination of naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, naringenin and hesperetin of Fractus aurantii extract in rat plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry". J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 58 (3): 58-64, 2012.
Dmitrienko, S.; Stepanova, A.; Kudrinskaya, V.; Apyari, V.; "Specifics of separation of flavonoids by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography on the Luna 5u C18 (2) column". Moscow Univ. Chem. Bull., 67 (6): 254-258, 2012.
Lin, S.; Hou, Y.; Tsai, S.; Wang, M.; Chao, P.; "Tissue distribution of naringenin conjugated metabolites following repeated dosing of naringin to rats". BioMedicine., 4 (3): 54-58, 2014.
Cai, H.; Raynaud, D.; Steward, W.; Gescher, A.; "A simple HPLC method for the determination of apigenin in mouse tissues". Biomed. Chromatogr. 20 (10): 1038-1042, 2006.
Liu, X.; Zhang, H.; Qiao, G.;, Cao, W.; Zheng, J.; "Determination of apigenin by LC with electrochemical detection". Chromatographia, 68 (3): 147-150, 2008.
Nanjaian, M.; Sundaram R.S.; Vazhayil, B.; Varghese, L.; "Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Apigenin and Luteolin in Ethanol Extract of Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.) Leaves". Asian J. Appl. Sci.5 (1): 52-60, 2017.
Yadav, A.; Manika, N.; Bagchi, G.; Gupta, M.; "Simultaneous determination of flavonoids in Oroxylum indicum by RP-HPLC". Med. Chem. Res., 22 (5): 2222-2227, 2013.
Faraz, I.; "Sensitive Determination of C-Alkylated Flavonoids by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Approach: Pseudarthria hookeri as a Case Study". J. Chromatogr. Sci., 57 (10): 944-949, 2019.
Idris, S.; Markom, M.; Rahman, N.; Ali, J.; "Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoid in three different solvent extracts in leaves of Gynura procumbens," J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2019, vol. 1349, no. 1: IOP Publishing., 1349 (1): 944-949, 2003.
Kashchenko, N.; Olennikov, D.; "Quantitative Analysis of Flavonoids in Chamomile Flowers (Matricaria chamomilla L.) by Microcolumn HPLC-UV". Russ. J. Bioorg. Chem. 43 (7): 783-789, 2017.
Kim, M.; Gu, M.; Lee, J.; Chin, J.; Bae, J.; Hahn, D.; "Quantitative analysis of bioactive phenanthrenes in Dioscorea batatas decne peel, a discarded biomass from postharvest processing". Antioxidants, 8 (11): 541, 2019.
Hou, M.; "Preparative Purification of Total Flavonoids from Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. by Macroporous Resin Column Chromato-graphy and Comparative Analysis of Flavonoid Profiles by HPLC-PAD". Molecules, 24 (17): 3200, 2019.
Acharya, R.; Sharma, B.; Singh, R.; Jain, P.; "Phytochemical and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Extract of Vernonia cinerea". J. Drug Deliv. Ther., 9 (1): 229-232, 2019.
Qabaha, K.; Al-Rimawi, F.; Nusseibeh, S.; Abbadi, J.; Abu-Lafi, S.; "Phenolic and Flavonoids Analysis of Pomegranate Peel Extracts and their Antiniflammatory and Antioxidant Activities". Int. J. Pharm. Qual. Assur.10 (1): 60-65, 2019.
Kwon, J.-H.; "Pharmacological activity and quantitative analysis of flavonoids isolated from the flowers of Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto". Appl. Biol. Chem., 62 (3): 11, 2019.
Salvador, M.; "Isolation and HPLC quantitative analysis of antioxidant flavonoids from Alternanthera tenella Colla". Z. Naturforsch. C., 61 (1-2): 19-25, 2006.
Sithisarn, P.; Rojsanga, P.; Sithisarn, P.; "Inhibitory Effects on Clinical Isolated Bacteria and Simultaneous HPLC Quantitative Analysis of Flavone Contents in Extracts from Oroxylum indicum". Molecules, 24 (10): 1937, 2019.
Čulum, D.; "HPLC-ED Analysis of phenolic compounds in three Bosnian Crataegus species". Foods, 7 (5): 66, 2018.
El-Achi, N.; Bakkour, Y.; El-Nakat, H.; El-Omar, F.; "HPLC analysis for identification and quantification of phenolic acids and flavonoids in Juniperus excelsa". J. Nat. Prod., 7: 162-167, 2014.
Jung‑Hwa, K.; Hyun‑Ji, O.; Dong‑Sung, L.; Seo‑Ji, I.; Kyeong‑Hwa, S.; Jae‑Woo, J.; Byeong‑Ju, C.; Dae, Y.L.; Nam‑In, B.; “Pharmacological activity and quantitative analysis of flavonoids isolated from the flowers of Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto”. Appl. Bio. Chem. 62(11): 2-8, 2019.
Salvador, M.J.; Ferreira, E.O.; Mertens-Talcott, S.U.; De-Castro, W.V.; Butterweck, V.; Derendorf, H.; Dias, D.A; "Isolation and HPLC quantitative analysis of antioxidant flavonoids from Alternanthera tenella Colla," Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C.,61(1-2) : 19-25, 2006.
Sithisarn, P.; Rojsanga, P.; Sithisarn, P.; "Inhibitory Effects on Clinical Isolated Bacteria and Simultaneous HPLC Quantitative Analysis of Flavone Contents in Extracts from Oroxylum indicum," Molecules, vol,.24 (10):1937, 2019.
Čulum, D.; Čopra-Janićijević, A.; Vidic, D.; Klepo, L.; Tahirović, A.; Bašić, N.; Maksimović, M.; "HPLC-ED Analysis of phenolic compounds in three Bosnian Crataegus species," Foods.,7( 5); 66, 2018.
El-Achi, N. ; Bakkour, Y.; El-Nakat, H.; El-Omar, F.; "HPLC analysis for identification and quantification of phenolic acids and flavonoids in Juniperus excelsa," J. Nat. Prod., 7(1): 162-167, 2014.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ashraf Saad Rasheed, Bashaer A. Al-Phalahy, Mustafa J. Mohammed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.jpg)
